Cancer is a frightening word.

Here's another that's equally scary: undetectable.

By now you probably know that doctors can give you a pap smear to find the presence of cervical cancer.

A man can get a PSA test to track down hidden prostate problems.

But when it comes to a so-called silent killer, ovarian cancer, there's often no completely specific way for a physician to tell what's wrong until well after some all-too ordinary symptoms appear. And far too often, by that point, it's too late.

And that's why new research at the University of Guelph holds so much promise. Scientists there used rats to discover that ovarian cancer cells produce particular proteins that could one day be used to develop a screening process for the disease. Like all forms of the illness, catching it early is the best defence for this aggressive killer.

The news has many women looking forward to the day when the test emerges, letting them all breathe a sigh of relief. "I think we as women have to take ownership of our bodies and definitely make sure we're being looked into," suggests Rebecca Smith.

Here's a closer look at the ailment and what you should watch out for.

Who's At Risk?

You are if you:

• Have a family history of ovarian, breast or colon cancer
• Have never had children
• Are over age 50
• Have never used oral contraceptives
• Are of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, French Canadian or Icelandic descent

What Are The Symptoms?

• Pelvic or abdominal discomfort, such as constant fullness or bloating
• Unexplained weight gain or loss
• Fatigue or difficulty breathing
• Gas, nausea or indigestion
• Changes in bladder or bowel habits
• Unusual vaginal bleeding
• Pain during intercourse
• Fever, backaches or cramps

Are There Tests For Ovarian Cancer?

According to Ovarian Cancer Canada, a pap smear does not detect ovarian cancer, but there are other tests that might:

a bimanual rectovaginal exam
a transvaginal or pelvic ultrasound
a CA-125 blood test

While these tests can help in the diagnosis, they aren't always accurate, the society says. Your doctor can explain which one of the exams is right for you.

Prevention

If you have a history of cancer in your family, especially ovarian, make sure you tell your doctor so they can know what to watch for and potentially diagnose the disease.

If you experience the symptoms of ovarian cancer for several weeks, visit your doctor. The problems could be caused by something else, but your increased awareness of the disease and your physician will make sure that ovarian cancer is considered.

Some Good News

According to Ovarian Cancer Canada, oral contraceptives can cut the risk of getting the disease by as much as 50 per cent. Women who've had several pregnancies or who've breastfed also have a reduced risk.

For more information on ovarian cancer, you can visit the National Ovarian Cancer Association